نشریه مطالعات دفاعی استراتژیک
پیاپی 92 (تابستان 1402)

The strategic plan is the result of the strategic planning work for strategic management in which several topics and components are defined, explained or prescribed. An important part of this planning is to explain or determine things such as principles, foundations, doctrine, values, policies and goals (qualitative and quantitative), which are called guiding elements.In the for Key Infrastructure Protection of Metropolitan Against Threats, one of the sub-goals is to achieve the guiding elements of the plan in the form of principles, values, objectives and vision, which due to the importance of each of these components in this research, only to present the principles and The values governing the plan have been discussed.The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and the necessary data in this research has been collected using documentary and library studies, questionnaires, interviews and intellectual interaction with elites in the field of urban infrastructure.In order to calculate the principles through the review and analysis of the upstream research documents in the field of infrastructure protection, and for the calculation of the values, the analysis of the interpretation of the verses of the Holy Quran and the statements and guidelines of Imam Khamenei in the field of the city and urban infrastructures has been done, the results of which are after Review and analysis, validation and prioritization are presented in the form of 10 principles and 9 values.

Defense diplomacy is considered as pursuing defense purposes and policies by the usage of diplomacy tools and achieving the foreign policy purposes with the support of the defense power. Islamic Republic of Iran follows different approaches toward other powers within the international scenes and things which have made it outstanding are its governing principles and its broad aims which are followed by those principles and values. The purpose of this study is to count the principles and aims of defense diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, the main question of this study is: “What are the principles and aims of the defense diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran?” the method which has been used in this study based on content analysis and the statistical expert society which has been chosen for screening the achievements of this study (concepts and categories) includes 16 experts in the field of defense diplomacy. According to the achievements of this study, keeping independence and territorial integrity as the main principle and seeking-justice as the distinguishing principle along with other 11 principles such as supporting the oppressed, respect, wisdom and expediency, threat against threat are taken into consideration. The main purpose is based on changing enemy into friend with eight other aims such as unity of the Islamic nations, providing the deterrence and self-reliance.

Investing in the field of manpower training is necessary to improve the level of organizational performance, considering the role of the J.A. Army in the defense and preservation of the entity and the territory of the country, training in the individual and unit dimension has been officially implemented years ago, the correct implementation and improving the efficiency of in-service training requires a strategy based on which these trainings are designed and implemented. Therefore, in this article, it was tried to compile and present the strategies of training while serving in the army using the process of scientific research.The type of applied research and its method is descriptive with a mixed approach, and the research data with inferential and descriptive statistics are entered in SPSS software and analyzed. The method of collecting information was field and library, and it was collected through interviews, questionnaires, documents and documents. Elites and experts who had enough experience in the research topic were selected for the interview.Using the improved SWOT method, 5 strategies were formulated. The results of the TOPSIS technique show "the development of a comprehensive educational needs assessment system according to the existing threats and with the approach of applying in-service training and creating a platform for the freedom of action of commanders and managers to make the necessary changes in the existing educational programs or to design and implement the program. New in-service training based on the results of the needs assessment and the actual training needs of employees, as well as the development of a comprehensive system for selecting and employing trainers with combat and operational experience in the units to plan and implement in-service training in a practical manner and in accordance with the operational needs The proximity of 0.81269 is the best strategy for training while serving in the army.

Today, with human progress in the field of knowledge and technology, we are witnessing tremendous developments in various fields, especially in the field of defense. With the appropriate and timely use of new technologies, including the Internet of Things technology in the intelligent defense of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces, it is possible to implement various military affairs more accurately and dynamically to realize the discussion of the intelligence of the equipment. By using the Internet of Things in intelligent command and control, intelligent logistic, intelligent transportation, environmental monitoring, training and simulation, etc., it is possible to have new and effective defense capabilities, and in fact, intelligent defense in the armed forces of our country against new and intelligent threats. The current research is titled " A model of  smart defense IOT-based for the Islamic Republic of  Iran armed forces" and was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method and a mixed (quantitative and qualitative) approach. In this research, the opinions of 70 commanders, managers and experts in the field of strategic and cyber defense sciences of the country have been used in the form of a questionnaire. Based on the research done, using the opinion of experts, five concepts of infrastructure and equipment, service and services, structure and organization, information, security and management and governance were placed as the basic dimensions of intelligent defense based on the Internet of Things, and then the components of each became one of these dimensions. After the statistical analysis of the results of the questionnaire, the strategic model of intelligent defense of Iran Armed Forces based on Internet of Things has been presented in five dimensions and 40 components.

The fundamental principles and values of any organization constitute its essence and identity, and any tampering with these principles and foundations also causes fall and deviation; Therefore, this research tries to design and extract a model based on the statements of Supreme Commander-in-Chief Imam Khamenei regarding organizational culture, so by reviewing documents and selecting related texts, coding these texts using the data-based theorizing method. It was done and finally, the model of transformation and excellence of the organizational culture in the armed forces was designed based on the thought of His Holiness, that in this model, the causal conditions of concepts such as the spirit of service and philanthropy; increasing spirituality; discipline; Trust in God's promise; Inspiring and creating hope; responsibility; self-confidence and self-belief; provincial governorship; Jihadi and justice-oriented management and the conditions leading concepts including revolutionary spirit; monitoring, evaluation and continuous improvement; book culture and reading; Ashura culture, sacrifice and martyrdom; Thrifty culture and conditions inhibiting concepts including luxury and aristocracy; pride; pouring and splashing; fear and sadness; impatience and despair; Indiscipline and negligence; Injustice, discrimination, and budget perspective are there. The strategies also include: Great Jihad; creativity and innovation; unity and empathy; comprehensive deterrence; Using the experiences and achievements of the holy defense period; Strengthening the religious, value and knowledge foundations, which have consequences such as educating young believers, revolutionary and hard-working; powerful and honorable; Pioneer, advancement and leadership; Realizing the goals and ideals of the Islamic Revolution; It includes the training of the armed forces at the level of the Islamic revolution and the protection of the values of the revolution.

Knowledge and awareness of the military thought of the colonial powers is of special importance. Since the two schools of socialism and fascism are the main schools of Western civilization And less has been paid to the military thought of these two. Therefore, knowing the military thought of these two schools is a problem that this article deals with. Accordingly, the main question of this research is: ((What are the points of commonality and difference in the military thought of the two schools of socialism and fascism?)) In order to answer this question, the research has been done with the method of comparative comparison and using the analytical-descriptive approach, based on the views of the thinkers of these two schools, taken from their written works. The research findings show that The main points of commonality between the military theories of these two schools are concepts such as: The relationship between politics and war, the necessity of war to create national and military unity, the sociological view of war, the negation of peace and the necessity of war, the necessity of military force and the necessity of militaristic government are summarized And it seems that both schools have common views on the nature of war and defense and the causes of war. The socialist school introduces the elimination of war by war, helping to realize politics, solving class differences, and war as a cause of peace as the goals of war. And in the view of fascism, the preservation of governments, the promotion of the moral health of society, and progress and dynamism are considered as the main components of the goal of war and defense. In general, it can be said that these two schools do not differ much from the point of view of military thinking.

The purpose of this article is to model the effective variables and scenarios of emergency evacuation during crises such as war and earthquake. The research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of problem solving and explanatory in terms of results. Random sampling method and Cochran's formula was used. Analysis has been done based on Wizard, Any Logic and Anp software. 8 scenarios with a maximum of two incompatible factors are considered for modeling in Any Logic. The critical scenario obtained from the simulation was selected and the solutions were checked in the Anp software. Previous researches have examined the problem from a one-dimensional view. To select solutions and scenarios, we have used decision-making techniques and combined them with simulation. The results of Any Logic show that the fifth scenario is more critical, and the results of Anp show that the criteria of adding doors and removing obstacles with weights of 0.287 and 0.262 have the highest rank. According to the normalized weights in the sub-criteria, in the criterion of time, the escape time in the corridors and stairs (with a weight of 0.65), in the cost, executive dimension (with a weight of 0.608), in the feasibility, the ability to drive (with weight 0.8), in environmental effects, impact on the public (with a weight of 0.705) and in traffic guarantee, traffic management (with a weight of 0.756) have been ranked highest.

the Persian Gulf is a global strategic region that includes eight countries, From a general point of view and due to its geographical sensitivity and the presence of huge oil and gas reserves, the geostrategic Hormuz Strait is the focus of attention of world powers. The countries of this region form a "geopolitical region" due to their proximity to the blue zone and sharing in its issues and having many geographical commonalities. The energetic feature of this region has caused the intervention of many regional and extra-regional actors and the formation of special security arrangements, which do not include all the countries of the region. This has caused confrontation between regional countries and security threats. Considering the predominance of divergent and convergent factors, the research question is, what security model can be drawn for this region? The descriptive-analytical research method is a contextual case study with a mixed approach. The statistical sample size of 70 people was targeted and the Cronbach's alpha method was used in all stages for the validity of content measurement tools (formal and logical) and reliability. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the theory of regional cooperation and convergence, the theory of regional security complex and the theory of the evolution of geopolitical regions. In order to validate the model, by using structural explanatory equations (SEM), the complex relationships between the elements of this model were determined through the correlation between the components (manifest variables) and dimensions (latent variables), and finally the model was implemented using SmartPLS software and was interpreted by the researcher. Finally, six dimensions, fifty-one components affecting the security model of the Persian Gulf region were counted with an emphasis on geopolitical factors. It is worth mentioning that among the six geopolitical factors, the natural (physical) dimension has the most convergence and the military dimension has the least convergence in the collective security of the Persian Gulf. The prioritization of geopolitical dimensions that are effective in creating security in the Persian Gulf region include: Economic factors, human factors, social cultural factors, political factors (domestic and international), natural (physical) factors, and military factors.

Russia's main strategy over the past years has been to prevent NATO's advance and influence to the east and Russia's close security environment and prevent Ukraine from joining the European Union. Based on this, during a special operation, which is considered a preventive measure from the Kremlin's point of view, to prevent future threats, the war between Russia and Ukraine began. The main goal of the research is to analyze the characteristics, scenarios and goals of the war between Russia and Ukraine in the formation of the new world order. The type of research is applied and it has been done in a systematic, descriptive-exploratory qualitative method, the method of collecting data is documentary and library and interviews with 10 experts. According to the findings of the research, the features of war are described in 9 different categories, the war between Russia and Ukraine is erosive and both countries are practically caught in the swamp of war. What happened to Ukraine today is the result of trusting the West. Russia followed three maximum, medium and minimum goals in this war, which has reached the minimum goal, which is to control the Donbas region. The research results show that the war between Russia and Ukraine has 35 special features. Russia has won the minimum war in terms of military form, but it has failed from the point of view of the "War of Narratives". Ukraine's military doctrine is shifting from "defensive to deterrence and becoming offensive." Russia's military doctrine has changed from "offensive to defensive" in some areas. The primary result of this war is the formation of the multipolar order and the end of the unipolar order centered on America